Comprehensive Digestive Stool Analysis (CDSA) Level 4+

Brown is normal; other colors may indicate abnormal gastrointestinal conditions.

Variations may indicate abnormal gastrointestinal conditions.

Mucous production may indicate infection, inflammation, or malignancy.

Detects bleeding in the digestive tract, indicating potential disease.

Imbalances in gut pH influence short-chain fatty acid production and their effects.

Presence may indicate infection, inflammation, or hemorrhage.

Measures the total number of white blood cells, your body's primary defense against infection. Elevated levels may indicate infection, inflammation, or immune disorders, while low levels can signal bone marrow problems or autoimmune conditions.

Presence may indicate maldigestion.

Presence may indicate maldigestion from too little gastric acid or reduced pancreatic output.

Presence may indicate maldigestion from gastric hypoacidity or diminished pancreatic output.

Elevated levels may indicate inadequate lipid absorption (steatorrhea).

Presence may indicate carbohydrate maldigestion.

Produced when anaerobic bacteria ferment undigested protein, indicating protein maldigestion.

Assesses pancreatic exocrine function; levels reflect the activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase.

Elevated levels may indicate inadequate lipid absorption.

Enzyme that breaks down the bond between glucuronic acid and toxins; indicates potential toxin reabsorption.

Produced by gut bacteria; numerous benefits for gut health.

Decreased levels may indicate inadequate colonic function.

Decreased levels may indicate inadequate colonic function.

Decreased levels may indicate inadequate colonic function.

Plays important roles in maintaining gut health and overall well-being.

This protein is released into the stool when the intestinal lining is damaged. It's usually very high in cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (such as Crohn's or ulcerative colitis), and low in IBS. Calprotectin is also elevated with gut infections and colon cancers.

Secreted by mucosal tissue; represents the first line of defense of the GI mucosa.

Most sensitive and specific gluten intolerance test for celiac disease.

Key regulator of tumor metabolism; may assist in identifying gastrointestinal tumors.

Indicates presence of current H. pylori infection.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Most strains are harmless; some are pathogenic.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Beneficial bacteria; essential for gut health.

Helps maintain microbiome balance.

Aeromonas are bacteria that can cause an acute diarrhoeal illness.

Campylobacter infection (campylobacteriosis) is a bacterial infection which most commonly causes gastroenteritis.

Salmonella infection usually results from ingestion of the bacteria from contaminated food, water or hands.

Shigella infection (shigellosis) is a type of gastroenteritis caused by Shigella bacteria.

This infectious bacteria can cause gastroenteritis and symptoms beyond the gut.

Opportunistic pathogen found in various environments.

Common in gut flora; rarely implicated in gastric disease.

Common in gut flora; rarely implicated in gastric disease.

Common in gut flora; rarely implicated in gastric disease.

Common in gut flora; rarely implicated in gastric disease.

Common in gut flora; rarely implicated in gastric disease.

Common in gut flora; rarely implicated in gastric disease.

Common in gut flora; rarely implicated in gastric disease.

E. faecalis is commonly found in the gut. In some cases E. faecalis can overgrow in the vagina and cause an infection, leading to symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge, odour, itching, and pain during sex or urination.

Part of normal gut flora; can be implicated in infections.

Part of normal gut flora; can be implicated in infections.

Part of normal gut flora; can be implicated in infections.

Most strains are harmless; some are pathogenic.

Rarely associated with gastrointestinal infection.

Rarely associated with gastrointestinal infection.

Candida albicans is a type of yeast that normally inhabits the vagina, but can sometimes overgrow and cause a yeast infection. This can occur due to factors such as antibiotic use, hormonal changes, or a weakened immune system. Symptoms may include itching, burning, and discharge.

C. parapsilosis can cause vaginal yeast infections, particularly in women who have received previous antifungal treatment. Symptoms may include itching, burning, and discharge. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications.

C. glabrata is a type of yeast that can cause vaginal yeast infections, particularly in women who are immunocompromised or have had antibiotics. Symptoms can include itching, burning, and discharge. C. glabrata can be more resistant to certain treatments compared to other Candida species.

Yeast found in various environments; opportunistic pathogen.

Common environmental yeast; not considered pathogenic.

Indicates potential yeast overgrowth.

Cryptosporidium is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrhoeal disease cryptosporidiosis.

Symptoms of Giardia infection can occur with 3 to 25 days and may include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, pale greasy foul-smelling stools, stomach cramps, passing excess gas, bloating, weight loss and fatigue.

Amoebiasis is a parasitic disease (also known as amoebic dysentery) caused by infection with Entamoeba histolytica.

Some research suggests that people with IBS may be more likely to have Blastocystis hominis organisms in their stool.

The bacteria can be present in the gut for months or year and misdiagnosed as IBS.