Liver & Kidney Function Panel

A combined liver and kidney function panel at MEDILA measuring renal clearance markers (creatinine, urea, uric acid), key electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chlorides, calcium, phosphorus), and urinalysis with sediment. Together these markers assess kidney filtration capacity, electrolyte balance, and urinary tract health in a single morning draw. Creatinine is the primary kidney biomarker for estimating GFR (glomerular filtration rate); urea reflects protein metabolism and kidney excretion; uric acid is the gout marker and an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The electrolyte panel adds cardiac and neuromuscular stability markers. Urinalysis with sediment detects protein, glucose, blood, and cellular casts in the urine — providing early warning signs of kidney inflammation, infection, and diabetic nephropathy. Written physician commentary included. Results within one week.

The Jaterní a ledvinové testy (Liver and Kidney Tests) panel at MEDILA combines kidney function biomarkers, a five-marker electrolyte panel, and urinalysis with sediment into a single morning blood and urine draw — providing a comprehensive assessment of renal health and electrolyte homeostasis. Kidney function markers: Creatinine is a waste product of creatine phosphate breakdown in muscle tissue, filtered entirely by the kidneys and not reabsorbed. A rising creatinine level indicates declining kidney filtration capacity; from the creatinine value, GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is estimated using the CKD-EPI formula with age and sex, providing the standard clinical measure of kidney function. GFR above 90 ml/min/1.73m² is normal; 60–89 indicates mildly reduced function; below 60 for 3+ months meets CKD (chronic kidney disease) criteria. Creatinine is influenced by muscle mass — athletes and bodybuilders may have higher creatinine at normal kidney function, while patients with low muscle mass (elderly, cachexic) may have normal creatinine despite significant kidney disease. Urea (blood urea nitrogen equivalent) reflects protein catabolism and kidney excretion. It rises in dehydration, high-protein diet, and kidney impairment. The creatinine:urea ratio helps distinguish pre-renal azotaemia (dehydration, heart failure — urea rises disproportionately to creatinine) from intrinsic renal disease (both rise proportionally). Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Elevated uric acid (hyperuricaemia) is the direct cause of gout; it also correlates with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, and kidney stone formation. Electrolytes: The five-electrolyte panel (sodium, potassium, chlorides, calcium, phosphorus) provides the ionic framework for cellular function. Sodium is the primary extracellular cation, regulating fluid balance and blood pressure. Hyponatraemia (low sodium) is common in patients on diuretics and in hypothyroidism. Potassium is the primary intracellular cation, critical for cardiac electrical stability — both hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia (common in kidney disease and certain medications) are life-threatening arrhythmia risks. Chlorides move in parallel with sodium and are useful for interpreting acid-base status. Calcium (serum) is maintained by vitamin D and PTH; hypercalcaemia suggests hyperparathyroidism or malignancy. Phosphorus is maintained inversely to calcium through PTH; elevated phosphorus is an early and sensitive indicator of renal insufficiency. Urinalysis with sediment: A 10ml morning urine sample is tested for specific gravity, pH, glucose, protein, bilirubin, urobilinogen, leukocytes, nitrites, blood/haemoglobin, and ketones by dipstick, followed by microscopic examination of the centrifuged sediment for red cells, white cells, epithelial cells, casts (hyaline, granular, cellular), crystals, and microorganisms. This provides early detection of diabetic nephropathy (microalbuminuria/proteinuria), urinary tract infection (leukocytes, nitrites, bacteria), glomerulonephritis (red cell casts, proteinuria), kidney stones (crystals), and haematuria (red cells — requires urological follow-up to exclude malignancy). This panel is appropriate for: annual kidney function baseline in adults over 40; patients with hypertension, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome (all risk factors for chronic kidney disease); patients taking nephrotoxic medications (NSAIDs, certain antibiotics, contrast agents); monitoring in known CKD; electrolyte review in patients on diuretics or cardiac medications; and gout diagnosis or monitoring. Preparation: fast approximately 10 hours; bring a morning urine sample.